with+O+OC 用法表附帶狀況｜讓寫作衝分的終極句型！

with + O + OC  (with+受詞＋受詞補語)的用法表示「附帶的狀況」，是非常好用的句型，可以套用在多種情境，不管寫什麼主題的文章都可以幫你加分，而且在多益英檢學測指考中都是高頻出現的重點。

with + O + OC的學習重點是決定受詞補語的型態，OC可以是介系詞片語、形容詞、現在分詞V-ing、過去分詞pp，要從意思、O與OC間的關係判斷。

一起來學習with + O + OC的用法吧！

with + O + OC

 

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另外，也可以搭配分詞構句、分詞片語的章節，將分詞句型一次收集，是作文閱卷老師的最愛！

with + O + OC的句型

with+O+OC的句型(with+受詞＋受詞補語)表示「附帶的狀況」，學習重點在於決定OC用什麼型態，OC可以是介系詞片語、形容詞、現在分詞V-ing、過去分詞pp。以下一一介紹。

 

I. 表位置：with + O + 介系詞片語

  1. 表示O在的地點或位置可以用with + O + 介系詞片語。

The young man walked cheerfully with his hand in his pocket.

(年輕人把手插在口袋裡，興高采烈地走著。)

→ 附帶表示手插在口袋裡

→ with + O + 介系詞片語

 

The children were playing in the room with their shoes outside the room.

(孩子們在房間裡玩，他們的鞋子在房間外面。)

→ 附帶表示鞋子在房間外面

→ with + O + 介系詞片語

 

 

II. 表狀態：with + O + 形容詞

  1. 當表示受詞的狀態時，OC用形容詞，以修飾受詞。注意不要寫成副詞或被動pp喔！
  2. 須特別留意「瞬間性」的動詞open (v), die, marry等，因為動詞特性是「瞬間」就完成，如果要表示「延續的狀態」，必須改為形容詞 open (adj), dead, married。with+O+OC的句型，表示的是狀態，因此這類瞬間性動詞都必須用形容詞形。

After her training, the exhausted player fell asleep with her mouth open.

(訓練結束後，這位精疲力竭的球員張著嘴睡覺。)

→ (X) After her training, the exhausted player fell asleep with her mouth opened.

→ open修飾her mouth的狀態，必須用形容詞

 

Maria is using the bug spray in the room with many cockroaches dead.

(Maria正在房間用殺蟲劑，旁邊很多蟑螂死了。)

→ dead是形容詞，修飾cockroaches的狀態

→ (X) Maria is using the bug spray in the room with many cockroaches died.

→ die是瞬間性動詞，如果要表示「狀態」，不可用died，必須用形容詞dead

 

Feeling cold, Ryan went to bed with all the windows closed.

(覺得很冷，Ryan上床睡覺，把窗戶都關上。)

→ closed是形容詞，修飾the door的狀態

→ (X) Feeling cold, Ryan went to bed with all the windows close.

→ close也是形容詞，但是是「親密的」意思

 

III. 表主動：with + O + V-ing

  1. 當受詞O與補語OC之間是主動關係時，OC用現在分詞V-ing。
  2. 有些無法控制的動作或事情當成主動關係，用V-ing，例如人體無法控制的自然反應、自然界的事物。
  3. 當受詞是有自主性的，像大腦自己下命令，用V-ing。
  4. 注意一些常用於修飾事物但表示主動的字rise(上漲)、roar(飆升)、blow(飄著)、fall/drop(數字下降)。
  5. 當結構是受詞O1+分詞+O2，因為必須接O2，儘管O1是四肢五官，動詞也轉成V-ing型。

My neighbor Alison is talking with an old man with her dog running around.

(我鄰居Alison正在和一個老人說話，她的狗跑來跑去。)

→ dog和run是主動關係，必須用running

→ (X) My neighbor Alison is talking with an old man with her dog run around.

 

The hungry girl was looking at the delicious cake with her mouth watering.

(這飢餓的女孩看著好吃的蛋糕，流著口水。 )

→ 流口水是無法控制的動作，用V-ing watering

→ (X) The hungry girl was looking at the delicious cake with her mouth watered.

 

To cook a quick meal, the chef is chopping the vegetable with the water running.

(要煮一頓快餐，主廚正在切菜，水沒關在流著。)

→ 水流是無法控制的動作，用V-ing running

→  (X) To cook a quick meal, the chef is chopping the vegetable with the water ran.

 

The country is suffering an economic downturn with the number of newborn babies dropping.

(該國正遭受經濟衰退，新生兒數量下降。)

→ 數字受到事情影響而下降，數字下降用主動V-ing dropping

→ (X) The country is suffering an economy downturn with the number of newborn babies dropped.

 

IV. 表被動：with + O + pp

  1. 當受詞O與補語OC之間是被動關係時，OC用過去分詞pp。
  2. 當受詞是表示四肢或五官的字時，因為是受到大腦命令，屬於被動概念，用pp表示。
[比較]
  1. 但當受詞是有自主性的，像大腦自己下命令，屬於主動概念，用V-ing。
  2. 當結構是受詞O1+分詞+O2，因為必須接O2，儘管O1是四肢五官，動詞也轉成V-ing型。

 

The studious student is burning the midnight oil, studying with books piled on his desk.

(這位好學的學生正在挑燈夜讀，書桌上堆著書。)

→ book和pile是被動關係，必須用piled

→ (X) The studious student is studying with books piling on his desk.

 

Furious with his messy room, Johnny’s mother is shouting at him with her arms crossed.

(因為他房間很亂，Johnny的媽媽正交叉雙臂對他大吼。)

→ arms等四肢五官的名詞，表示被大腦命令做事，用crossed

→ (X) Furious with his messy room, Johnny’s mother is shouting at him with her arms crossing.

→ 其他常用的四肢、五官名詞還有eyes, legs, fingers等

 

[比較]

The mechanic is watching Ted fixing the scooter with his head nodding.

(機械師正看著Ted修理機車，點著頭。)

→ head是下命令的部位，用V-ing形nodding

→ (X) The mechanic is watching Ted fixing the scooter with his head nodded.

 

Mr. Fang was watching his favorite TV show with his hand holding the remote control.

(方先生手裡拿著遙控器正在看他最喜歡的電視節目。)

→ 結構是受詞O1+分詞+O2，因為要接第二個受詞，動詞必須用現在分詞V-ing

→ (X) Mr. Fang was watching his favorite TV show with his hand held the remote control.

 

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📜 分詞相關句型連結

 

✏️牛刀小試 [正解在最後]

  1. The melancholy lady is reading the novel with her tears _______ down her cheeks.
    (A) roll
    (B) rolled
    (C) rolling
    (D) to roll
  2. Before the plane landed, all the passengers sat still with their seat belts _______.
    (A) fastening
    (B) fastened
    (C) to fasten
    (D) fastens
  3. Gina was looking at the magnificent scenery with her mouth ______.
    (A) opens
    (B) opened
    (C) open
    (D) opening
  4. 這緊張的參賽者正在演講，他的雙腿發抖。
    _______________________________

📜 與補語相關的句型

 

 

正解：

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. The nervous participant is making a speech with his legs shaking.

 

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