with+O+OC 用法表附帶狀況|讓寫作衝分的終極句型!
with + O + OC (with+受詞+受詞補語)的用法表示「附帶的狀況」,是非常好用的句型,可以套用在多種情境,不管寫什麼主題的文章都可以幫你加分,而且在多益英檢學測指考中都是高頻出現的重點。
with + O + OC的學習重點是決定受詞補語的型態,OC可以是介系詞片語、形容詞、現在分詞V-ing、過去分詞pp,要從意思、O與OC間的關係判斷。
一起來學習with + O + OC的用法吧!
在開始讀這篇前,可以先複習分詞的概念、現在分詞的形成法、過去分詞規則變化&不規則變化,以便更好掌握句型的使用喔!
另外,也可以搭配分詞構句、分詞片語的章節,將分詞句型一次收集,是作文閱卷老師的最愛!
with + O + OC的句型
with+O+OC的句型(with+受詞+受詞補語)表示「附帶的狀況」,學習重點在於決定OC用什麼型態,OC可以是介系詞片語、形容詞、現在分詞V-ing、過去分詞pp。以下一一介紹。
I. 表位置:with + O + 介系詞片語
- 表示O在的地點或位置可以用with + O + 介系詞片語。
The young man walked cheerfully with his hand in his pocket.
(年輕人把手插在口袋裡,興高采烈地走著。)
→ 附帶表示手插在口袋裡
→ with + O + 介系詞片語
The children were playing in the room with their shoes outside the room.
(孩子們在房間裡玩,他們的鞋子在房間外面。)
→ 附帶表示鞋子在房間外面
→ with + O + 介系詞片語
II. 表狀態:with + O + 形容詞
- 當表示受詞的狀態時,OC用形容詞,以修飾受詞。注意不要寫成副詞或被動pp喔!
- 須特別留意「瞬間性」的動詞open (v), die, marry等,因為動詞特性是「瞬間」就完成,如果要表示「延續的狀態」,必須改為形容詞 open (adj), dead, married。with+O+OC的句型,表示的是狀態,因此這類瞬間性動詞都必須用形容詞形。
After her training, the exhausted player fell asleep with her mouth open.
(訓練結束後,這位精疲力竭的球員張著嘴睡覺。)
→ (X) After her training, the exhausted player fell asleep with her mouth opened.
→ open修飾her mouth的狀態,必須用形容詞
Maria is using the bug spray in the room with many cockroaches dead.
(Maria正在房間用殺蟲劑,旁邊很多蟑螂死了。)
→ dead是形容詞,修飾cockroaches的狀態
→ (X) Maria is using the bug spray in the room with many cockroaches died.
→ die是瞬間性動詞,如果要表示「狀態」,不可用died,必須用形容詞dead
Feeling cold, Ryan went to bed with all the windows closed.
(覺得很冷,Ryan上床睡覺,把窗戶都關上。)
→ closed是形容詞,修飾the door的狀態
→ (X) Feeling cold, Ryan went to bed with all the windows close.
→ close也是形容詞,但是是「親密的」意思
III. 表主動:with + O + V-ing
- 當受詞O與補語OC之間是主動關係時,OC用現在分詞V-ing。
- 有些無法控制的動作或事情當成主動關係,用V-ing,例如人體無法控制的自然反應、自然界的事物。
- 當受詞是有自主性的,像大腦自己下命令,用V-ing。
- 注意一些常用於修飾事物但表示主動的字rise(上漲)、roar(飆升)、blow(飄著)、fall/drop(數字下降)。
- 當結構是受詞O1+分詞+O2,因為必須接O2,儘管O1是四肢五官,動詞也轉成V-ing型。
My neighbor Alison is talking with an old man with her dog running around.
(我鄰居Alison正在和一個老人說話,她的狗跑來跑去。)
→ dog和run是主動關係,必須用running
→ (X) My neighbor Alison is talking with an old man with her dog run around.
The hungry girl was looking at the delicious cake with her mouth watering.
(這飢餓的女孩看著好吃的蛋糕,流著口水。 )
→ 流口水是無法控制的動作,用V-ing watering
→ (X) The hungry girl was looking at the delicious cake with her mouth watered.
To cook a quick meal, the chef is chopping the vegetable with the water running.
(要煮一頓快餐,主廚正在切菜,水沒關在流著。)
→ 水流是無法控制的動作,用V-ing running
→ (X) To cook a quick meal, the chef is chopping the vegetable with the water ran.
The country is suffering an economic downturn with the number of newborn babies dropping.
(該國正遭受經濟衰退,新生兒數量下降。)
→ 數字受到事情影響而下降,數字下降用主動V-ing dropping
→ (X) The country is suffering an economy downturn with the number of newborn babies dropped.
IV. 表被動:with + O + pp
- 當受詞O與補語OC之間是被動關係時,OC用過去分詞pp。
- 當受詞是表示四肢或五官的字時,因為是受到大腦命令,屬於被動概念,用pp表示。
- 但當受詞是有自主性的,像大腦自己下命令,屬於主動概念,用V-ing。
- 當結構是受詞O1+分詞+O2,因為必須接O2,儘管O1是四肢五官,動詞也轉成V-ing型。
The studious student is burning the midnight oil, studying with books piled on his desk.
(這位好學的學生正在挑燈夜讀,書桌上堆著書。)
→ book和pile是被動關係,必須用piled
→ (X) The studious student is studying with books piling on his desk.
Furious with his messy room, Johnny’s mother is shouting at him with her arms crossed.
(因為他房間很亂,Johnny的媽媽正交叉雙臂對他大吼。)
→ arms等四肢五官的名詞,表示被大腦命令做事,用crossed
→ (X) Furious with his messy room, Johnny’s mother is shouting at him with her arms crossing.
→ 其他常用的四肢、五官名詞還有eyes, legs, fingers等
[比較]
The mechanic is watching Ted fixing the scooter with his head nodding.
(機械師正看著Ted修理機車,點著頭。)
→ head是下命令的部位,用V-ing形nodding
→ (X) The mechanic is watching Ted fixing the scooter with his head nodded.
Mr. Fang was watching his favorite TV show with his hand holding the remote control.
(方先生手裡拿著遙控器正在看他最喜歡的電視節目。)
→ 結構是受詞O1+分詞+O2,因為要接第二個受詞,動詞必須用現在分詞V-ing
→ (X) Mr. Fang was watching his favorite TV show with his hand held the remote control.
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📜 分詞相關句型連結
- 分詞的用法與基本概念
- 現在分詞的形成法。
- 過去分詞規則變化&不規則變化
- 分詞片語的用法
- 分詞構句的用法
- V1, V2-ing的分詞結構
- 獨立分詞構句的用法
- with+O+OC的句型
- keep/leave/find+O+OC的句型
- 感官動詞的用法
✏️牛刀小試 [正解在最後]
- The melancholy lady is reading the novel with her tears _______ down her cheeks.
(A) roll
(B) rolled
(C) rolling
(D) to roll - Before the plane landed, all the passengers sat still with their seat belts _______.
(A) fastening
(B) fastened
(C) to fasten
(D) fastens - Gina was looking at the magnificent scenery with her mouth ______.
(A) opens
(B) opened
(C) open
(D) opening - 這緊張的參賽者正在演講,他的雙腿發抖。
_______________________________
📜 與補語相關的句型
正解:
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. The nervous participant is making a speech with his legs shaking.