在日常生活中，我們蠻常使用 假設語氣 。除了「如果…」的基本用法外，還有「要不是…」、「若非有…」的句型 If it were not for…或If it had not been for…。

這個句型很簡單，只要根據假設語氣的概念，依照發生的時間分為「與現在事實相反」和「與過去事實相反」的用法，記住現在假設主要使用過去式動詞，過去假設主要使用過去分詞had pp，然後背下句型公式就可以囉。

在開始學習If it were not for與If it had not been for之前，建議先複習假設語氣的基本用法：現在假設語氣與過去假設語氣。

假設語氣 中的「要不是」、「若非有」

I.現在假設的「要不是」：

If it were not for + N, S + would/could/might + VR

1. 表示「要不是有…，現在本來會～」，指「要不是因為有某人或某事物，現在就會…」，與現在事實相反。
2. 現在假設的動詞主要使用過去式，遇到加助動詞would/could/might時，改成原形動詞。

If it were not for air, we would die.

(要不是有空氣，我們都會死。)

💡 事實上，現在有空氣，我們沒死，與現在事實相反，是現在假設

→ If it were not for是現在假設，主要子句用would+原V

If it were not for the shows on TV, many people might be bored to death.

(要不是有電視上的節目，很多人會覺得極度無聊。)

💡 事實上，現在有電視，很多人不覺得無聊，與現在事實相反，是現在假設

→ If it were not for是現在假設，主要子句用might+原V

If it were not for the pudding and cake, the sick boy could not have the appetite for lunch.

(要不是有布丁和蛋糕，這生病的男孩很難有胃口吃午餐。)

💡 事實上，現在有布丁和蛋糕，這孩子覺得有胃口吃午餐，與現在事實相反，是現在假設

→ If it were not for是現在假設，主要子句用could+原V

II.過去假設的「要不是」：

If it had not been for + N, S + would/could/might + have pp

1. 表示「要不是有…，過去本來會～」，指「要不是因為有某人或某事物，過去就會…」，與過去事實相反。
2. 現在假設的動詞主要使用過去完成式 had pp，遇到加助動詞would/could/might時，改成have pp。

If it had not been for the fund-raising party last year, Jenny would not have met her husband.

(要不是有去年的募款餐會，Jenny就不會遇到她的丈夫。)

💡 事實上，去年Jenny參加了募款餐會，認識了她的先生，與過去事實相反

→ If it had not been for是過去假設，主要子句用would not+have pp

If it had not been for the rescue team, the hiker might still have been left in the cave.

(要不是有搜救隊，那位健行的人可能會被留在山洞裡。)

💡 事實上，有了搜救隊的幫助，健行的人被拯救了，與過去事實相反

→ If it had not been for是過去假設，主要子句用might+have pp

If it had not been for the special formula, Victor could not have cooked such delicious tomato soup.

(要不是有這特別的配方，Victor無法煮出這麼美味的番茄湯。)

💡 事實上，有了這特別配方，Victor煮出美味的番茄湯，與過去事實相反

→ If it had not been for是過去假設，主要子句用could not+have pp

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句型的代換

I. But for/Without + N, S+假設語氣

1. 在二種句型中，可以將從屬子句「 If it were not for」或「If it had not been for」直接代換成 But for或Without。
2. 主要子句仍然必須依照時間，使用現在假設或過去假設用法。

But for the thick coat, I might feel cold in the chilly wind now.

(要不是有厚厚的外套，我現在在寒風中可能會感到寒冷。)

→ If it were not for the thick coat, I might feel cold in the chilly wind now.

→ 屬於現在假設，主要子句用might+原V

Without the teacher’s explanation, the students could not understand the theory.

(要不是有老師的講解，學生無法理解理論。)

→ If it were not for the teacher’s explanation, the students could not understand the theory.

→ 屬於現在假設，主要子句用could not+原V

But for Kevin’s timely help, we couldn’t have arrived at the airport in time.

(要不是有Kevin的及時幫助，我們不可能及時到達機場。)

→ If it had not been for Kevin’s timely help, we couldn’t have arrived at the airport in time.

→ 屬於過去假設，主要子句用could not+have pp

Without vaccines, many people would have been infected with the coronavirus disease.

(如果沒有疫苗，許多人本來會感染上新冠肺炎。)

→ If it had not been for vaccines, many people would have been infected with the coronavirus disease.

→ 屬於過去假設，主要子句用would+have pp

II. If there …, S+假設語氣

• 表示「要不是」的句型還可以使用含there be的句型

a. 現在假設：If there were no N, S would + V

If there were no airplanes, travelling aound the world would not be easy.

(如果沒有飛機，環遊世界就不是一件容易的事。)

If there were no nurses, sick people could not be taken care of.

(如果沒有護士，病人就無法得到照顧。)

b. 過去假設：If there had been no N, S +would + have pp

If there had been no dessert, the ants would not have gathered in such a short time.

(如果沒有甜點，這些螞蟻本來不會這麼短時間內聚集。)

If there had been no masks, the disease might have spread at an alarming speed.

(如果沒有口罩，這疾病本來可能會以驚人的速度傳播。)

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✏️牛刀小試 [正解在最後]

1. If  _______ smartphones nowadays, people could not reach their family and friends anytime and anywhere.
   (A) it is not for
   (B) it were not for
   (C) they had not been for
   (D) there are no
2. If _______ Timothy’s reminder, his brother would have made a good plan.
   (A) it is not for
   (B) it had not been for
   (C) it should not be
   (D) it were not for
3. 要不是這有效的藥，這生病的男人就不會快速痊癒。
   __________________________

📜 假設語氣相關用法連結：

• 現在假設
• 過去假設
• 未來假設
• 假設語氣中省略if的用法
• 假設語氣中的「要不是」、「若非有」
• 假設語氣中的I wish和If only
• 假設語氣中的「本來～」
• 假設語氣中的「as if」

正解：

1. B

2. B

3. If it not had not been for/But for/Without this effective medicine, this ill man would not have made a quick recovery.