分詞構句用法 絕對是多益必考題，也是寫作的大絕招！綜觀歷年考題，和分詞片語一樣，分詞構句是大考、英檢、多益的常客，不論是文章裡面出現、或是出現在考題裡，甚至在寫作上使用分詞構句，立馬就能提高分數！

分詞構句就是將從屬子句變成分詞結構，是一種讓句子有變化、讓文章變豐富的方法，藉由分詞構句的使用，讓寫作不會只是單調的S + V。

只要三個步驟：1.省略連接詞、2.處理主詞、3.動詞改分詞就可以搞定分詞構句！一起來學習吧！延伸學習：分詞構句和分詞片語的比較。

分詞構句用法 指的是什麼？

分詞構句就是將從屬子句變成分詞結構，是一種讓句子有變化、讓文章變豐富的方法，藉由分詞的使用，讓寫作不會只是單調的S + V。

首要先複習的是，先了解分詞代表的意義，V-ing代表主動和進行，p.p.代表被動和完成。

分詞構句的形成：三步驟

分詞構句的概念很簡單，就是將從屬連接詞省略，如果主詞一樣，也必須一併省略。省略後就不是正確的句子結構，因此需要將動詞改成分詞以做區別。

掌握這個原則後就很好下手了！

1. 步驟一：找出從屬連接詞，確認前後二個子句的主詞是否相同
2. 步驟二：省略從屬連接詞，省略從屬子句中相同的主詞
3. 步驟三：從屬子句的動詞改成分詞。主動意義改為V-ing，被動意義改為p.p.

表示「主動意義」的分詞構句：V-ing…, S + V

1. 在表示主動意義的分詞構句中，使用現在分詞。
2. 要注意判斷主詞和分詞的意義必須相符、能修飾才能使用。

Because Kenny felt curious about the theory, he raised a question.

= Feeling curious about the theory, Kenny raised a question.

(因為Kenny對於這個理論感到好奇，他提出一個問題。)

→ 步驟一：找出從屬連接詞because，確認主詞相同Kenny與he
→ 步驟二：省略從屬連接詞because與Kenny
→ 步驟三：將felt改成分詞，因為對Kenny而言，feel為主動意義，所以用現在分詞V-ing

💡 記得將主要子句的代名詞he還原成Kenny

After Mandy got home, she turned on the air-conditioner.

= (After) getting home, Mandy turned on the air-conditioner.

(在Mandy回家後，她打開空調。)

→ Mandy與get為主動關係，故用getting

💡 如果覺得從屬連接詞的意義不夠清楚，像after, before可保留。

After reading this fascinating book, Sarah discovered a whole new world of imagination.

(在Sarah讀這本讓人著迷的書後，發現了一個全新的想像世界。)

→ Sarah與read為主動關係，故用reading

Singing a song, the little boy entertained everyone at the party.

(小男孩唱著歌，在派對上娛樂了每個人。)

→ the little boy與sing為主動關係，故用singing

Playing the guitar, Mark filled the room with beautiful melodies.

(Mark彈奏著吉他，讓整個房間充滿美妙的旋律。)

→ Mark與play為主動關係，故用playing

Swimming in the pool, the children laughed and splashed around.

(孩子們在游泳池裡游泳，笑聲和水花四濺。)

→ the children與swim為主動關係，故用swimming

Painting a picture, Lily expressed her emotions through vibrant colors.

(Lily畫了一幅圖畫，通過鮮豔的顏色表達了她的情感。)

→ Lily與paint為主動關係，故用painting

要在30分鐘內寫完漂亮作文、翻譯得6-8分，絕對需要強大的作文寶典＋實用的句型、翻譯書。推薦博客來網路書店：

🎯 作文：超核心大考英文寫作(寂天)：由基礎到高階的順序開始，分為八大單元，一步步教授寫作技巧，提供重點字彙與主題模版，搭配練習可仿寫，適合從基礎寫作框架開始架構者。

🎯句型：大考英文句型GO(三民)：這本書列出所有大考中常見與易混淆的句型，分成16章節，每小節都有大考實例與經典例句，搭配詳細用法講解與不同題型的練習，並有隨堂評量附冊馬上檢測成效，是增進翻譯與寫作的超強工具書！大力推薦！

🎯 作文：迎戰108新課綱：英文作文必考題型各個擊破(常春藤)：教授基本到高階的寫作技巧、不同類型與主題的文體、針對五大題型「圖表、看圖、書信」等。內容多元、完整，提供大量題目與範文。

🎯 翻譯：大考翻譯實戰題本：以主題為單元，題目兩兩一組，依照大考方式出題，提供漂亮詞彙與實用句型。

Baking cookies, Martha filled the house with a delicious aroma.

(Martha烘焙餅乾，讓整個房子充滿了美味的香氣。)

→ Martha與bake為主動關係，烘焙餅乾是主動的動作，故用baking

Gardening in the backyard, Mr. Johnson was planting a variety of colorful flowers.

(Johnson先生在後院種花，種植了各種色彩繽紛的花朵。)

Cooking a gourmet meal, the chef delighted the diners with his culinary skills.

(主廚烹飪美食，以他的烹飪技巧讓用餐者感到愉悅。)

表示「被動意義」的分詞構句：pp…, S + V

1. 在表示被動意義的分詞構句中，使用過去分詞。
2. 要注意判斷主詞和分詞的意義必須相符才能使用
3. 在表被動的分詞構句中，being可以省略或保留。

As the old temple was built three hundred years ago, it was destroyed in a fierce earthquake.

= Built three hundred years ago, the old temple was destroyed in a fierce earthquake.

= Being built three hundred years ago, the old temple was destroyed in a fierce earthquake.

(因為老寺廟是三百年前建造的，它在一個劇烈的地震後被摧毀。)

→ the temple與build為被動關係，寺廟被建造，所以分詞用built

Because Eliada was encouraged by her teacher, she became confident and made much progress.

= (Being) Encouraged by her teacher, Eliada became confident and made much progress.

(受到老師鼓勵後，Eliada變得有自信也進步很多。)

→ Eliada受到老師鼓勵，與encourage為被動關係，被鼓勵，所以分詞用encouraged。

→ 在表被動的分詞構句中，可以保留being

Surprised by the sudden rainstorm, the pedestrians hurriedly sought shelter.

= Being surprised by the sudden rainstorm, the pedestrians hurriedly sought shelter.

(被突如其來的雨淋驚訝，行人們匆忙尋找避雨處。)

→ the pedestrians與surprise為被動關係，行人被嚇到，所以分詞用surprised

Inspired by her favorite artist, Emma started painting vibrant landscapes.

= Being inspired by her favorite artist, Emma started painting vibrant landscapes.

(受到她最喜愛的藝術家啟發，Emma開始繪畫生動的風景畫。)

→ Emma與inspire為被動關係，Emma受到啟發，所以分詞用inspired

Captivated by the breathtaking sunset, the couple held hands and admired the view.

= Being captivated by the breathtaking sunset, the couple held hands and admired the view.

(被令人屏息的日落所吸引，情侶牽著手欣賞著美景。)

→ the couple與captivate為被動關係，情侶被吸引住，所以分詞用captiated

Overwhelmed by the support from her friends, Jane felt a surge of gratitude.

(被朋友們的支持所淹沒，Jane感到滿滿的感激之情。)

= Being overwhelmed by the support from her friends, Jane felt a surge of gratitude.

→ Jane與overwhelm為被動關係，Jane被支持淹沒，所以分詞用overwhelmed

Fascinated by the historical artifacts, the visitors spent hours exploring the museum.

(被歷史文物所迷住，遊客們花了幾個小時探索博物館。)

= Being fascinated by the historical artifacts, the visitors spent hours exploring the museum.

→ the visiors與fascinate為被動關係，遊客們被迷住，所以分詞用fascinated

有紮實的文法概念對於新多益或英檢考試都能輕鬆應付。面對多益100題選擇，絕對要把握前30題用來飆分搶時的文法與單字題。如果要結合新多益(New TOEIC)準備，推薦怪物講師系列。有興趣的朋友，也可以到 博客來網路書店 參考：

• 「全新制50次多益滿分的怪物講師TOEIC多益閱讀攻略+模擬試題+解析(2書)」，整理常考文法、講解清楚，99個攻略，搭配新多益閱讀題與答題秘訣，大推！
• 「全新制20次多益滿分的怪物講師TOEIC多益單字+文法」，這本著重在單字，將文法融入在例句裡，提供不同的學習方式！

有完成式：Having pp/Having been V-ing/Having been pp…, S + V

1. 完成式的結構是have pp、完成進行式的結構是have been V-ing、完成被動式have been pp，含有完成式的句型也能改成分詞構句，只要將第一個動詞have改成having即可，其他元素不用更動喔！
2. 在表示主動意義的分詞構句中，使用現在分詞，在表示被動意義的分詞構句中，使用過去分詞。
3. 要注意判斷主詞和分詞的意義必須相符才能使用。
4. 在完成被動式的分詞構句中，只要意思清楚，having been可以省略或保留。

主動：

As the child had been crying for an hour, he felt hungry and thirsty.

= Having been crying for an hour, the child felt hungry and thirsty.

(因為這小孩已經哭了一個小時，他覺得又餓又渴。)

→ 完成式也可以改成分詞構句having + pp的形式

Having finished her homework, Emily went out to play with her friends.

(完成作業後，Emily出去和朋友玩耍。)

→ 已經完成作業是have finisher her homework，將have改為分詞，即可成為分詞構句having finished her homework

Having traveled around the world, Jack gained a broader perspective on different cultures.

(環遊世界後，Jack對不同的文化有了更廣泛的視野。)

→ 已經環遊世界是have traveled around the world，將have改為分詞，即可成為分詞構句having traveld around the world

Having completed the marathon, Tom collapsed onto the ground, exhausted.

(完成馬拉松賽事後，Tom筋疲力盡地倒在地上。)

→ 已經完成馬拉松賽事是have completed the marathon，將have改為分詞，即可成為分詞構句having completed the marathon

被動：

Because Jason had been praised by his teacher, he gained much confidence.

= Having been praised by his teacher, Joe gained much confidence.

= Praised by his teacher, Joe gained much confidence.

(因為Jason被老師稱讚，他得到很多信心。)

→ 注意，Having been pp才是被動意義的完成式分詞，Having pp或Having been V-ing為主動意義的完成式分詞

→ 在完成被動式的分詞構句中，只要意思清楚，having been可以省略或保留。

Having been informed of the change in schedule, the team adjusted their plans accordingly.

(得知時間表的變動後，團隊相應地調整了計劃。)

→ 團隊已經被通知，用完成式的被動形having been informed

Having been awarded the scholarship, Lisa felt a sense of accomplishment and pride.

(獲得獎學金後，Lisa感到成就感和自豪感。)

→ Lisa已經被頒獎，用完成式的被動形having been awarded

Having been rejected by multiple publishers, the author didn’t lose hope and continued writing.

(被多家出版社拒絕後，作者並沒有失去希望，繼續寫作。)

→ 作者已經被拒絕，用完成式的被動形having been rejected

Having been caught in heavy traffic, they arrived at the party much later than expected.

(因為遭遇交通擁堵，他們比預期晚很多才到達派對。)

→ 他們已經被困在塞車中，用完成式的被動形having been caught

Having been praised for her artistic talent, Emma decided to pursue a career in painting.

(因為被稱讚她的藝術才華，Emma決定追求繪畫事業。)

Having been repaired by a skilled mechanic, the car ran smoothly without any issues.

(經由一位技術嫻熟的機械師修理後，汽車順利運行，沒有任何問題。)

分詞構句的否定： Not + V-ing

分詞構句的否定只要在前面加上not即可，變成Not V-ing

Not knowing what to do, the girl couldn’t help but frown.

(不知道該怎麼做，這女孩忍不住皺眉。)

→ 用Not + V-ing表示分詞的否定意思

Not feeling satisfied with the project, the manager asked the employee for a revised version.

(對這個計畫不感興趣，經理要求員工改寫計畫。)

→ 用Not + V-ing表示分詞的否定意思

Not having enough time, Amanda couldn’t attend the party.

(因為沒有足夠的時間，Amanda無法參加派對。)

→ 用Not + V-ing表示分詞的否定意思

Not understanding the instructions, the workers made several mistakes.

(因為不理解指示，工人們犯了幾個錯誤。)

→ 用Not + V-ing表示分詞的否定意思

Not realizing the danger, the man continued walking on the edge of the cliff.

沒有意識到危險，這男人繼續在懸崖邊行走。)

→ 用Not + V-ing表示分詞的否定意思

Not wanting to upset his girlfriend, David kept his opinion to himself.

(不想讓她生氣，David將自己的意見留在心裡。)

→ 用Not + V-ing表示分詞的否定意思

Not feeling well, Ms. Wang decided to stay home and rest.

(感覺不舒服，王太太決定待在家裡休息。)

→ 用Not + V-ing表示分詞的否定意思

Not realizing he was being watched, the thief continued to steal valuables.

(沒有意識到自己被監視著，小偷繼續偷竊貴重物品。)

Not having enough money, they couldn’t afford to go on vacation.

(因為沒有足夠的錢，他們無法負擔度假費用。)

Not liking the taste of the dish, she pushed her plate away.

(不喜歡這道菜的味道，她將盤子推開了。)

Not wanting to miss the opportunity, he worked hard to improve his skills.

(不想錯失機會，他努力工作提升自己的技能。)

要特別注意分辨的分詞

1. 有些分詞代有主動意義，但卻轉化成-ed形的形容詞，這些字需要另外背誦，
2. 用ed形： located(座落於)、situated (座落於)、seated (坐著的)、dressed (穿著)、aged (…歲的)
3. 用-ed形：與情緒類相關的分詞，例如excited、exhausted等
4. 用V-ing形：stand (座落)、sit (座落)、lie (位於)、measure (測量起來)等

Dressed in a gown, Teresa looked far more terrific than other girls in the party.

(穿著禮服，Teresa看起來比派對中其他的女孩都亮眼。)

→ 主詞是Teresa，雖然是主動穿著，但用dressed

Located/Situated on the hill, the house has a wonderful view.

(座落在山丘上，這房子有絕佳的景色。)

→ 表示房子「位於」，固定用located/situated

Sitting/Standing/Lying on the hill, the house has a wonderful view.

(座落在山丘上，這房子有絕佳的景色。)

→ 用sit、stand或lie當座落的意思，要用主動V-ing

Exhausted from a long day at work, Tom collapsed onto the couch.

(疲憊不堪的Tom一天的工作後倒在沙發上。)

分詞構句的常見錯誤

1. 使用分詞構句時，需要特別留意的部分就是主詞必須一致才能省略。
2. 換言之，分詞構句的主詞必須與主要子句的主詞相符，否則會成為修飾對象不明的dangling modifier。

例如：

When Ian walked in the woods, he thought the trees looked beautiful.

(O) Walking in the woods, Ian thought the trees looked beautiful.

(當Ian走在樹林中時，他覺得樹木看起來很漂亮。)

(X) Walking in the woods, the trees looked beautiful.

(→ walking in the woods變成修飾樹木，樹木不會走路，為錯誤用法)

Because the motorcyclist was injured in the car accident, he was sent to the hospital by an ambulance.

(O) Being injured in the car accident, the motorcyclist was sent to the hospital by an ambulance.

(因為機車騎士在車禍中受傷，他被救護車送去醫院。)

(X)  Being injured in the car accident, the ambulance sent the motorcyclist to the hospital.

(→ Being injured in the car accident變成修飾救護車，救護車不會受傷，為錯誤用法)

有紮實的文法概念對於新多益或英檢考試都能輕鬆應付。面對多益100題選擇，絕對要把握前30題用來飆分搶時的文法與單字題。如果要結合新多益(New TOEIC)準備，推薦怪物講師系列。有興趣的朋友，也可以到 博客來網路書店 參考：

• 「全新制50次多益滿分的怪物講師TOEIC多益閱讀攻略+模擬試題+解析(2書)」，整理常考文法、講解清楚，99個攻略，搭配新多益閱讀題與答題秘訣，大推！
• 「全新制20次多益滿分的怪物講師TOEIC多益單字+文法」，這本著重在單字，將文法融入在例句裡，提供不同的學習方式！

✏️牛刀小試 [正解在最後]

1. ______ the bicycle along the river bank, Susan felt relaxed.
   (A) Ridden
   (B) Riding
   (C) Has ridden
   (D) Being ridden
2. ______ by a famous architect, this skyscraper has attracted thousands of visitors every year.
   (A) To design
   (B) Designing
   (C) Having designed
   (D) Designed
3. (110學測克漏字)
   __28__ already shrunk by 85% to a mere 0.5 square kilometers, Papua’s glaciers will completely disappear within a decade, researchers have predicted.
   (A) Have
   (B) Had
   (C) Having
   (D) Having been
4. 看見蟑螂在房間到處跑，這小男孩驚聲尖叫。
   ______________________________

📜 分詞相關句型連結

• 分詞的用法與基本概念
• 現在分詞的形成法。
• 過去分詞規則變化＆不規則變化
• 分詞片語的用法
• 分詞構句的用法
• V1, V2-ing的分詞結構
• 獨立分詞構句的用法
• with+O+OC的句型
• keep/leave/find+O+OC的句型
• 感官動詞的用法

📜 英文字首相關用法特輯：

• a和b開頭的字首
• c和d開頭的字首
• e和f開頭的字首
• h和i開頭的字首
• m和n開頭的字首
• o和p開頭的字首
• q和r開頭的字首

正解：

1. (B)

2. (D)

3. (C)

4. Seeing cockroaches running around in the room, the little boy screamed with fear.