學會了現在假設語氣的概念，再學 過去假設 語氣就容易多了！

什麼是過去假設？過去假設的基本概念就是表示「與過去事實相反的事情」，基本動詞結構是had pp，遇到助動詞時，使用過去式助動詞再加have pp。

只要掌握好時間點與牢記句型就很簡單喔！一起來用秘訣學習過去假設、否定、以及混合時態的用法吧！

過去假設 用法

I. 基本句型：If + S + had pp, S + would/could/might + have pp

1. 過去假設的基本句型為 If + S + had pp, S + would/could/might + have pp
2. 我們一樣可以藉由以下的時間線條概念來記憶假設語氣的句型，就會方便許多：

—————–|——————–|——————-|———————>

   過去完成式。。過去式。。。。現在式 。。。。。。。未來式
   (had pp)。。。。(V-ed)。。。。(V/V-es)。。。。。。(will V)

在現在與過去的假設法中，可以記成使用比假設法時間的基準點往左移的時態，即過去假設使用比過去式往左一格的時態，就是had pp。

在if子句中，過去假設使用的動詞為過去完成式had pp，主要子句中常會使用助動詞，加上後had pp變成助動詞 + have pp。

例如：

If Frank had been more careful, he could have avoided such mistakes.

(如果Frank當時小心一點，他可以避免這樣的錯誤。)

👩‍🏫 事實上，Frank當時沒有小心，所以他無法避免這樣的錯誤。句子為過去事實的相反。

If Diana had got up earlier this morning, she might have caught the train.

(如果Diana今天早上早點起床，她可能可以趕上火車。)

👩‍🏫 事實上，Diana早上起得太晚，所以她沒趕上火車。句子為過去事實的相反。

Professor Wang would have asked the student to resubmit his report if he had failed the final exam.

(如果這學生沒通過期末考試，王教授本來會要求他重新繳交報告。）

👩‍🏫 事實上，學生通過考試，王教授沒要求他重交報告。句子為過去事實的相反。

If David had won the lottery, he could have paid for his family’s trip to Canada.

(如果David中樂透，他就能為家人付去加拿大的旅費。)

👩‍🏫 事實上，David沒有中樂透，他無法為家人付旅費。句子為過去事實的相反。

背了好多單字、讀了好多文章，如何在學測搶高分？多位滿級分同學的共同秘訣就是反覆做考古題、考古題、考古題！坊間考古題隨處可得，卻並非都有清楚講解。常春藤的近五年英文學測加指考試題詳解-試題本+詳解本有詳細的單字講解、重要字彙均有搭配字、例句、慣用語，試題都附翻譯和解說，翻譯與作文解答詳盡，讓你一目了然，省下寶貴時間。考前不要再花時間查字典了～大考字彙重複性高，這本書可在平時當單字書背、倒數一個月當衝刺書使用，想要學測滿級分，絕對要有工具書喔！

II. 否定句型：If + S + had not pp, S + would/could/might + (not) + have pp

1. 過去假設的否定，只要將had pp改成否定hadn’t pp即可。
2. 主要子句的否定是在助動詞後加上not，例如wouldn’t have pp。
3. 否定的被動：If子句用had not been pp，主要子句用would not have been pp。

If the chairman of this club had not changed the rules, many members would not have left this club.

(如果這個俱樂部的主席沒有改變規則，很多會員就不會離開。)

👩‍🏫 事實上，主席改變了規則，所以很多會員離開了。句子為過去事實的相反。

If the broken bridge had not been repaired in time, many people would have lost their lives.

(如果這斷橋沒有即時被修復，許多人會喪命。)

👩‍🏫 事實上，斷橋被修復了，所以許多人未喪失生命。句子為過去事實的相反。

If the glass had not been doppred to the ground, the child would not have been injured.

(如果玻璃杯沒有掉在地上，孩子本來不會受傷。)

👩‍🏫 事實上，如果玻璃杯掉在地上，孩子受傷了。句子為過去事實的相反。

混合時態的假設語氣

1. 因為事件發生的時間點不同，會產生前句與後句為不同時態的假設法。
2. 別擔心，面對此種題目時，只要掌握關鍵點「時間」即可輕鬆應答。

• If Henry had not offended his boss  last month, he would not be jobless now.
  。。。。。(過去假設)。。。。。。。(過去時間)。。。(現在假設)。。。(現在時間)
  (如果Henry上個月沒有冒犯老闆，他現在就不會沒有工作。)

👩‍🏫 從時間點看，if子句為上個月發生的事情，為過去假設，主要子句為現在的狀況，為現在假設。

• If Mrs. Chen had managed her business well last year, she would not be bankrupt now.
  。。。。。。。。(過去假設)。。。。。。。。(過去時間)。。。(現在假設)。。。。(現在時間)
  (如果陳太太去年經營好事業，她現在就不會破產。)

👩‍🏫 從時間點看，if子句為去年發生的事情，為過去假設，主要子句為現在的狀況，為現在假設。

只要掌握好原則，本來以為困難的假設法是不是其實很簡單呢？現在來檢測你的學習成果吧～

還有過去假設的延伸：「本來」的用法、假設法中省略if的倒裝句型、表示「但願」的句型，記得一起收集喔！

✏️牛刀小試

1. If Olivia had dried her hair right after washing it, she _________.
   (A) might catch a cold
   (B) would have caught a cold
   (C) might not have caught a cold
   (D) could not catch a cold
2. If the weather _______ nice last weekend, the baseball game ________.
   (A) had been; might not have been canceled
   (B) were; might have canceled
   (C) had been; might cancel
   (D) were; might not be canceled
3. If the famous painting ________ last year, visitors to this museum ________ it now.
   (A) is stolen; can see
   (B) had not been stolen; could see
   (C) was not stolen; could have seen
   (D) were not stolen; could have seen
4. (110年學測克漏字)
   Being hit by lightning is a rare event. Over the course of an 80-year life span, the odds of being hit by lightning are 1 in 3,000, not to mention the probability of being struck seven different times. Roy Sullivan, a park ranger in the United States, was struck by lightning more recorded times than any other human being. Over his 36-year career, Sullivan was struck by lightning seven times—and survived each shock!Strikes one, two, and three were pure bad luck, he thought. But after strike four, Sullivan became fearful of death and took precautions during lightning strikes. Strike five occurred in 1973 when Sullivan was on patrol. A storm cloud “chased” him until he was struck. The same thing happened again in 1976. Sullivan, while surveying a campground, felt that a cloud was coming after him, and tried all he could to run— but it got him anyway. Finally, on 25 June 1977, a seventh and final bolt struck Sullivan as he was fishing in a pond. “I don’t believe God is after me,” he theorized. “If he was, the first bolt __25__ enough. Best I can figure is that I have some chemical, some mineral, in my body that draws lightning. I just wish I knew.”25. (A) was (B) had been (C) would be (D) would have been

📜 假設語氣相關用法連結：

• 現在假設
• 過去假設
• 未來假設
• 假設語氣中省略if的用法
• 假設語氣中的「要不是」、「若非有」
• 假設語氣中的I wish和If only
• 假設語氣中的「本來～」
• 假設語氣中的「as if」

正解：

1. (C)

2. (A)

3. (B)

4. (D)