that除了當關係代名詞、引導名詞子句，還有 that代替 前面名詞的用法。

為了簡潔和多變化，在語言使用上會盡量避免重複用字，改採用代名詞。that可用於代替前面提過的單數名詞，以避免重複，those用於代替前面提過的複數名詞。這個句型很實用，是選擇常出現的高頻題，如果能運用在作文上，立法飆出分數！

一起來學習 that代替 前面提過的名詞用法吧！that和it與one的比較請見此連結。

that代替 名詞

I. that代替 單數名詞

1. that可代替前面提過的單數名詞。
2. 注意，在此用法中，that代換的是同字，但指的卻是不同對象，可以等於the one。如果是對象完全相等，要用代名詞it代替。
3. 此用法很常出現在二對象比較時，常見於「that of …」或「that + 介系詞」的情況。

The price of a laptop is much higher than that of a cellphone.

(筆記本電腦的價格遠高於手機的價格。)

→ the price是單數名詞，在前面提過，因此用that代替

→ that只等於the price，但並非等於the price of a laptop，故不用it

→ 原句：The price of a laptop is much higher than the price of a cellphone.

→ (X)：The price of a laptop is much higher than it of a cellphone.

The size of a mansion is even larger than that of a flat.

(豪宅的面積甚至比公寓還要大多了。)

→ the size是單數名詞，在前面提過，因此用that代替

→ that只等於the size，但並非等於the size of a mansion，故不用it

→ 原句：The size of a mansion is even larger than the size of a flat.

→ (X)：The size of a mansion is even larger than it of a flat.

To Ben, the taste of coffee is better than that of tea.

(對Ben來說，咖啡的味道比茶的味道好。)

→ that只等於the taste，但並非等於the taste of coffee，故不用it

→ 原句：To Ben, the taste of coffee is better than the taste of tea.

→ (X)：To Ben, the taste of coffee is better than it of tea.

I think the flavor of red peppers is similar to that of yellow peppers.

(我認為紅椒的味道與黃椒的味道相似。)

→ that只等於the floavor，但並非等於the flavor of red peppers，故不用it

→ 原句：I think the flavor of red peppers is similar to the flavor of yellow peppers.

→ (X)：I think the flavor of red peppers is similar to it of yellow peppers.

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II. those代替 複數名詞

1. those可代替前面提過的單數名詞，不是用these喔。
2. 注意，在此用法中，those代換的是同字，但指的卻是不同對象，可以等於the ones。如果是對象完全相等，要用代名詞they代替。
3. 此用法很常出現在二對象比較時，常見於「those of …」或「those + 介系詞」的情況。

The people in Taiwan seem  friendlier than those in that country.

(台灣人似乎比那個國家的人更友善。)

→ the people是複數名詞，在前面提過，因此用those代替

→ those只等於the people，但並非等於the people in Taiwan，故不用they

→ 原句：The people in Taiwan seem friendlier than the people in that country.

→ (X)：The people in Taiwan seem friendlier than they in that country.

The T-shirts in this shop sell better than those in that shop.

(這家店的T恤比那家店的賣得好。)

→ the T-shirts是複數名詞，在前面提過，因此用those代替

→ those只等於the T-shirts，但並非等於The T-shirts in this shop，故不用they

→ 原句：The T-shirts in this shop sell better than the T-shirts in that shop.

→ (X)：The T-shirts in this shop sell better than they in that shop.

Do you agree that the flowers in this pot smell different from those in that pot?

(你同意這個花盆裡的花聞起來和那個花盆裡的不一樣嗎？)

→ those只等於the flowers，但並非等於the flowers in this pot，故不用they

→ 原句：Do you agree that the flowers in this pot smell different from the flowers in that pot?

→ (X)：Do you agree that the flowers in this pot smell different from they in that pot?

Maggie found that the books on this shelf are thicker than those on that shelf.

(Maggie發現這個架子上的書比那個架子上的厚。)

→ those只等於the books，但並非等於the books on this shelf，故不用they

→ 原句：Maggie found that the books on this shelf are thicker than the books on that shelf.

→ (X)：Maggie found that the books on this shelf are thicker than they on that shelf.

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✏️牛刀小試 [正解在最後]

🔑 正解：

1. (C)
2. (D)
3. (A)
4. The ice cream flavor that wins the most popularity is not chocolate but that of vanilla.