主詞與動詞一致 |多益閱讀高頻題&學測作文常見錯誤!
主詞與動詞一致 是英文的特性。在多益閱讀是高頻出現題,在學測作文也是容易犯的錯誤。這個 主詞與動詞一致 學習重點,絕對需要多加留意!
在現在式的時態中,當主詞是單數或不可數名詞時,搭配單數動詞,一般動詞在字尾加-s或-es(單數動詞變化連結),be動詞用is/was,do用does,完成式用has。當主詞是複數名詞時,則不用變化動詞,be動詞用are/were,完成式用have。在過去式的時態則一律加-d/-ed,be動詞使用was/were,完成式用had pp。
以下是主詞與動詞一致的詳細說明,一起來學習吧!
主詞與動詞一致
I.主詞是可數名詞
- 當主詞單數可數名詞(a/an/the)時,加上單數形的動詞,一般動詞在字尾加-s或-es(單數動詞變化連結),be動詞用is/was,do用does,完成式用has。
- 複數主詞則搭配複數形的動詞,一般動詞不須加變化,be動詞用are/were。
A supervisor visits the company on a regular basis.
(主管定期來公司。)
The young man is rewarded for his hard work.
(這位年輕人的辛勤工作得到了回報。)
The employess in this department are going to get a pay raise for their good sales.
(該部門的員工將因其良好的銷售業績而獲得加薪。)
II.主詞是不可數名詞
- 當主詞是不可可數名詞時,視為單數主詞,加上單數形的動詞,一般動詞在字尾加-s或-es(單數動詞變化連結),be動詞用is/was,do用does,完成式用has。
- 常用的不可數名詞有:information, advice, research, news, suggestion, cost, quality等。
The cost of production has been increasing over the years.
(多年來,生產成本一直在增加。)
The information revealed in the report was discussed in the meeting.
(報告中顯示的信息在會議被討論。)
III.主詞是動名詞或不定詞
- 動名詞(V-ing)和不定詞(to V)當主詞時,也視為單數主詞,加上單數形的動詞,一般動詞在字尾加-s或-es(單數動詞變化連結),be動詞用is/was,do用does,have用has。
- 如果有二個動名詞或二個不定詞當主詞,則視為複數,加上複數形的動詞。
Giving out samples of the new product is one of the marketing strategies.
(提供新產品樣品是營銷策略之一。)
💡 一個動名詞當一件事情,視為單數主詞,加單數動詞
To create friendly atmosphere in the company serves as the manager’s primary goal.
(在公司內營造友好的氛圍是經理的首要目標。)
💡 一個不定詞當一件事情,視為單數主詞,加單數動詞
IV.有含修飾語的主詞
The man who interviewed the applicants is the Human Resource Director.
(面試應聘者的人是人力資源總監。)
💡 關係子句who … applicants是主詞the man的修飾語
To everyone’s surprise, the plan proposed by the newcomer was accepted by the manager.
(出乎所有人的意料,新人提出的方案被經理接受了。)
💡 分詞片語proposed … newcomer是主詞the plan的修飾語
The files in this folder were deleted by someone.
(此文件夾中的檔案已被某人刪除。)
💡 介系詞片語in this folder是主詞the files的修飾語
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V.搭配複數名詞的字詞
- 有些形容詞表示複數意思,搭配複數名詞與複數形的動詞。
- 結構「the + adj」等於複數名詞,搭配複數形的動詞。
- many (許多)
- a large number of (許多)
- quite a few (不少)
- few (只有一些)
- a few (有些)
- various (多種的)/ different (不同的)
- a variety of (不同的)
- both A and B
- the rich, the poor, the old, the young等
A large number of travel agencies are going to join the international travel fair.
(多家旅行社將參加國際旅遊展。)
💡 a number of + 複數名詞
Quite a few innovative items have attracted the attention of several manufacturers.
(不少創新項目引起了多家廠商的關注。)
💡 quite a few + 複數名詞
A few researchers work for the new established corporation.
(一些研究人員為新成立的公司工作。)
💡 a few + 複數名詞
The rich are not always happy.
(有錢人不一定開心。)
💡 the + adj = 複數名詞
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VI.搭配單數名詞的字詞
- 有些形容詞表示單數意思,搭配單數名詞與單數形的動詞。
- 不可數名詞視為單數用法。
- much (許多)
- a large amount of (多量)
- a large sum of (很多金額)
- a great deal of (很多)
- many a (不少)
- little (只有一些)
- a little (有些)
- each, every
- something, someone, anything, anyone, nothing, nobody
A large amount of waste water was discharged into the river by this factory.
(這家工廠將大量廢水排入河中。)
💡 a large amount of + 單數名詞
A great deal of effort is put into the project.
(該計畫投入了大量精力。)
💡 a great deal of + 單數名詞
So far, little has been done for the disabled.
(到目前為止,為殘障者做的事情很少。)
💡 little + 單數名詞
VII.特殊的連接詞
- either A or B (非A即B):由靠近的主詞決定動詞
- neither A nor B (非A非B):由靠近的主詞決定動詞
- A or B:由靠近的主詞決定動詞
- not A but B (不是A而是B):由主詞B決定動詞
- not only A but also B (不只A還有B):由靠近的主詞決定動詞
- A as well as B (A和B):由主詞A決定動詞
- A, along with B, (A還有B):由主詞A決定動詞
Either Derek or his best friends have the key to the lock.
(不是Derek就是他最好的朋友都擁有這把鎖的鑰匙。)
💡 由靠近的主詞his best friends決定動詞,用複數形
Not only the computers but also the copying machine was removed.
= The computers as well as the copying machine were removed.
(不僅是電腦,影印機也被移走了。)
💡 not only A but also B由靠近動詞的主詞the copying machine決定動詞,用單數形
💡 A as well as B由主詞A the computers決定動詞,用複數形
A: Is Nancy or her cousins going to take the online English lessons?
B: Yes, Nancy or her cousins are going to take the online English lessons.
(A:是Nancy或她堂妹會參加線上的英語課程嗎?)
(B:是的。Nancy或她堂妹會參加線上的英語課程。)
💡 A or B由靠近的主詞決定動詞