【文法分辨】that名詞子句和that形容詞子句有何不同?

「that引導的名詞子句」和「that引導的形容詞(關係)子句」看起來好像,要怎麼分?這二個子句用法完全不一樣,要從「功能」來理解。

簡單來說,that引導名詞子句時是當名詞用,有名詞的特性;that引導關係子句時是當形容詞用,屬於形容詞的特性。

 

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that引導的名詞子句that引導的形容詞子句大PK

從以下幾點特性,可以快速判斷出二者的差別。

I. 從功能看

that引導名詞子句時是當名詞用,有名詞的特性;引導關係子句時是當形容詞用,屬於形容詞的特性。

The news that the principal will retire next year makes everyone surprised.

(校長明年要退休的消息讓大家大吃一驚。)

→ that引導名詞子句當the news的同位語

 

The news that the principal announced made everyone surprised.

(校長宣布的消息讓大家大吃一驚。)

→ the news是先行詞,that引導形容詞(關係)子句修飾它,that在子句裡當受詞

 

II. 從句型看

  1. that引導名詞子句時,that只是個表示名詞子句的符號,後面接的是完整子句S + V (+O)。
  2. that引導形容詞(關係)子句時,that代替先行詞當子句的主詞或受詞,後面接不完整子句

I know that Greg bought a sports car .

(我知道Greg買了一輛跑車。)

→ that引導名詞子句當know的受詞,that後面接的是完整子句S + V + O

 

The stamps that my brother collected are all gone!

(我弟弟收集的郵票全沒了!)

→ that引導形容詞子句修飾the stamps,that後面接的是不完整子句S + Vt

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III. 是否可以省略?

  1. that引導名詞子句當主詞時不可以省略,當受詞時可以省略。
  2. that引導形容詞(關係)子句當主詞時不可以省略,當受詞時可以省略。
  3. 記憶小秘訣,主詞是句子最重要的部分,擔任主詞功能的字詞通常不省略。

That oranges are rich in vitamins is known to many people.

(很多人知道柳橙富含維生素。)

→ that引導名詞子句當主詞,不可以省略

 

I know (that) oranges are rich in vitamins.

(我知道柳橙富含維生素。)

→ that引導名詞子句當受詞,可以省略

 

The camera that is made in Japan costs a lot.

(那台日本製造的相機價值很高。)

→ that引導形容詞子句,在子句中that當主詞,不可以省略

 

The camera (that) Stuart bought costs a lot.

(Stuart買的相機價值很高。)

→ that引導形容詞子句,在子句中that當受詞,可以省略

 

✏️牛刀小試 [正解在最後]

  1. The designer just finished a product ______ would attract much attention.
    (A) which
    (B) what
    (C) that
    (D) X
  2. The fact ______ the disease has been controlled brings people a relief.
    (A) which
    (B) that
    (C) they
    (D) what
  3. Barbie夢到她住在一個城堡。
    ____________________________
  4. Barbie參觀過的城堡很漂亮。
    ___________________________

正解:

1. C

2. B

3. Barbie dreamed that she lived in a castle.

4. The castle that Barbie visited was beautiful.

 

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