【文法分辨】that名詞子句和that形容詞子句有何不同?
「that引導的名詞子句」和「that引導的形容詞(關係)子句」看起來好像,要怎麼分?這二個子句用法完全不一樣,要從「功能」來理解。
簡單來說,that引導名詞子句時是當名詞用,有名詞的特性;that引導關係子句時是當形容詞用,屬於形容詞的特性。
that引導的名詞子句和that引導的形容詞子句大PK
從以下幾點特性,可以快速判斷出二者的差別。
I. 從功能看
that引導名詞子句時是當名詞用,有名詞的特性;引導關係子句時是當形容詞用,屬於形容詞的特性。
The news that the principal will retire next year makes everyone surprised.
(校長明年要退休的消息讓大家大吃一驚。)
→ that引導名詞子句當the news的同位語
The news that the principal announced made everyone surprised.
(校長宣布的消息讓大家大吃一驚。)
→ the news是先行詞,that引導形容詞(關係)子句修飾它,that在子句裡當受詞
II. 從句型看
- that引導名詞子句時,that只是個表示名詞子句的符號,後面接的是完整子句S + V (+O)。
- that引導形容詞(關係)子句時,that代替先行詞當子句的主詞或受詞,後面接不完整子句。
I know that Greg bought a sports car .
(我知道Greg買了一輛跑車。)
→ that引導名詞子句當know的受詞,that後面接的是完整子句S + V + O。
The stamps that my brother collected are all gone!
(我弟弟收集的郵票全沒了!)
→ that引導形容詞子句修飾the stamps,that後面接的是不完整子句S + Vt。
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III. 是否可以省略?
- that引導名詞子句當主詞時不可以省略,當受詞時可以省略。
- that引導形容詞(關係)子句當主詞時不可以省略,當受詞時可以省略。
- 記憶小秘訣,主詞是句子最重要的部分,擔任主詞功能的字詞通常不省略。
That oranges are rich in vitamins is known to many people.
(很多人知道柳橙富含維生素。)
→ that引導名詞子句當主詞,不可以省略
I know (that) oranges are rich in vitamins.
(我知道柳橙富含維生素。)
→ that引導名詞子句當受詞,可以省略
The camera that is made in Japan costs a lot.
(那台日本製造的相機價值很高。)
→ that引導形容詞子句,在子句中that當主詞,不可以省略
The camera (that) Stuart bought costs a lot.
(Stuart買的相機價值很高。)
→ that引導形容詞子句,在子句中that當受詞,可以省略
✏️牛刀小試 [正解在最後]
- The designer just finished a product ______ would attract much attention.
(A) which
(B) what
(C) that
(D) X - The fact ______ the disease has been controlled brings people a relief.
(A) which
(B) that
(C) they
(D) what - Barbie夢到她住在一個城堡。
____________________________ - Barbie參觀過的城堡很漂亮。
___________________________
正解:
1. C
2. B
3. Barbie dreamed that she lived in a castle.
4. The castle that Barbie visited was beautiful.